
     __________________________________________________________

                              5
     
                          MS-DOS
                         
     __________________________________________________________

     ਬ砭:
      室   , ⮫쪮 ᫨  
ணࠬ  몥 ணࠬ஢, ᮧ饬 ꥪ 䠩 (.obj).
뢠 ᡮ騪 ᮧ 믮塞 䠩 (.exe), ᮡ ⤥
ꥪ 㫨, 㥬  ᥬ஬   (MASM) 
ࠬ  ⠪ 몮 ᮪ ஢,  ᪠ 
.
     
                        ᡮ騪
                       ----------------
      뤥  ᭮ ⮤ ᪠ ᡮ騪:
     
     - ⢥   ᡮ騪
     - ᯮ  ப
     - ᯮ 䠩 ࠬ஢
     
      ᡮ騪  ࢠ   ⨥
      CONTROL+C.
     
     ⮤ 1:
     । ᮡࠥ 㫥 ⢥⠬  
     ᡮ騪.
     
     -   ணࠬ ᡮ騪   :
     
       link
     
        ࠭      䠩,
       ⮢  ᡮથ:

       Object modules [.obj]:
     
     -    ᪮쪮 . ᫨   㪠
       ७ 䠩,   㬮砭 㤥 ᢮
       ७ .obj. ᫨  㪠 ᪮쪮 , 
       ᫥  ࠧ ஡   
       (+). ᫨        窥,
          ⢥ ᫥ ᨬ ப 
        (+)   .   ப  
           ᮡࠥ ꥪ 㫥.
       ,  ᬮ த .   
        ᫥  .  ࠭ 
        :
     
       Run file [_䠩.EXE]:
       믮塞 䠩 㤥 [_䠩.EXE]:
                                          
     -    ,  _䠩, 襥 
       , ᮢ     䠩
        ⢥    ᡮ騪.  砥 ,
        ᫨  ᥩ   ,   ⠪
         १騩 믮塞 䠩. ᫨ 
       訫 ᢮ १饬 䠩 㣮  -
           .  㬮砭 ७
       १饣 䠩 ᥣ .EXE. ᫥  
       믮塞 䠩  ࠭   :
     
       List file [NUL.MAP]:
        䠩   [NUL.MAP]:
     
     -   䠩     . 
       㬮砭 ७ ⮣ 䠩 ᥣ .MAP. ᫨ 
        㦤  ⮬ 䠩,    . 
       ࠭ ⥯  㢨   ᡮ騪:
       
       Libraries [.LIB]:
       砥 ⥪ [.LIB]:
     
     -    ᪮쪮   䠩,
       ᮤঠ 楤  । ६, 
        頥  ணࠬ. ᫨   㪠
       ७ 䠩,   㬮砭 㤥 ᢮
       ७.LIB. ᫨  㪠 ᪮쪮 , 
       ᫥ ࠧ ஡   
       (+). ᫨        窥,
          ⢥ ᫥ ᨬ ப 
        (+)   .   ப  
           砥 ⥪. , 
       ᬮ த .    
       ᫥  .     
       楤,   , ᫨  ᡮથ 㫥
       ᬮ ⥪  .  ⮣ 
       ᡮ騪 ᮧ 믮塞 䠩.
     
        䠩   㪠뢠   
⨬ 䠩, ᫨ 䠩 室   ⥪饬 ⠫. ᫨
ᡮ騪    ꥪ 䠩,   ࠭ 뢮
ᮮ⢥饥 ᮮ饭, ᫥ ⮣ ᡮ騪   
४ ⢨.
      ⢥       ⠢訥
䠩, ᯮ ଠ  ப, 뢠 
᫥饬 ࠧ (⮤ 2).
     ஬ ⮣,    祭  㬮砭 
 ⠢ ᮢ, ᫨ ⠥ ᫥ 
 ᨬ 窨  ⮩(;)  ᪮쪮  
祭 ᪮쪨 㯯 䠩 ( ⢥   
  ꥪ 㫥  ⢮   
 ꥪ⭮  (䠩)). ᫨ ᡮ騪 砥  
⮩,  뢮  ⠫ ᮢ ४頥.
     
            
     ⮤ 2:
     । ᮡࠥ 䠩   ப
     
      ᮡࠥ 㫨   ।  
ப ᫥   ᡮ騪.  ப 맮
ᡮ騪   , ।⠢ :
     
     link ꥪ_䠩 [,[믮塞_䠩]
          [,[䠩__][,[⥪]]]][樨][;]
                                            
     :
     
     ꥪ_䠩     ᪮쪮  ꥪ
                       䠩, ᮧ ணࠬ MASM 
                       ஬ 몠 ᮪ ஢.
                        ⢮    
                       ꥪ⭮  (䠩)).
                       ᫨   㪠 ७ 䠩,
                         㬮砭 㤥 ᢮
                       ७ .LIB.
     믮塞        믮塞 䠩. ᫨  
     䠩              㪠  ,   㬮砭 
                       ⢥ ⠪ 㤥 ࠭ 
                       ࢮ 㪠 ꥪ⭮ 䠩 
                        ७  .EXE.
     䠩 -             䠩,   頥
            ଠ   ᯮ
                       ᮡ࠭ ᥣ⮢  .
                       ᫨   㪠 ७ 䠩,
                         㬮砭 㤥 ᢮
                       ७ .MAP.
                       ᫨  㪠 樨 /map 
                       /linenumbers,  뢠 䠩 㤥
                       ᮧ,  ᫨   㪠  
                         ப 맮 ᡮ騪.
     ⥪          ᪮쪮  
                       䠩, ᮤঠ 楤 
                       । ६,  
                       頥  ணࠬ. ᫨  
                       㪠 ७ 䠩,  
                       㬮砭 㤥 ᢮
                       ७ .LIB.
     樨              樨 ࠢ ࠡ⮩ ᡮ騪.
                         㪠뢠    
                        ப. ᠭ 権 
                         ⮩ .
     
       ࠧ ࠧ 㯯 䠩,  ᫨
  祭  㬮砭.  ப 
 窮  ⮩ (;). ᫨  㪠   䠩
 ⨫ ᨬ 窨  ⮩,  ᡮ騪 㤥
訢  ⠢ 䠩  ⮤ 1 (. ).
᫨ - 䠩 室   ⥪饬 ⠫   
⥪饬 ᪥,  ᪮  ⠫  ⠪ 䠩 㦭
㪠뢠   ப.  祭
࠭ ⮫쪮   䠩.
     
     ਬ砭:
      ᡮથ ᮫ 㫥 (overlay), ᫥ 
  ᪮.   ᠭ ᯮ㥬 
   ஡ ଠ樥.
     
     
     ⮤ 3:
     । ᮡࠥ 䠩  䠩 ࠬ஢.
     
       ᫨  ᮡࠥ 㫨  䠩
ࠬ஢,  ண 㦭 㪠   ப
맮 ᡮ騪 ᫥騬 ࠧ:
     
     link @_䠩_ࠬ஢
     
     ஬ ⮣,  䠩 ࠬ஢   㪠,
⢥   ᡮ騪  ⨢    
 ப.  ࠧ, ᮤন ⮣ 䠩
 ⮫쪮  , ..      㦥
  ⢥      ப
.  ᫮ -   ⢥ ᨭ⠪
 ப   , 稭饥  ᨬ (@).
, ,  ,    /
ᬠਢ ⠪,  ᫨     ⢥ 
 - ,  㪠    ப. ⮬
 㯯 䠩 㦭   ⤥쭮 ப. ᫨
㯯  頥   ப,   室 
 ப ᫥  ᨬ    (+) 
. ᫨   㪠뢠  䠩  㯯,  ப
⮩ 㯯 ய᪠ (⠢ ⮩). 樨 
ᡮ騪   㪠뢠   ப. ᫨ ᡮ騪
砥 ᨬ 窨 ⮩ (;),   ,  
   䠩 㪠뢠 祭  㬮砭,
 ⠢  䠩 .  ᡮથ ணࠬ
祭, 㪠  䠩 ࠬ஢, 뢮  ࠭
 ⢥⮢   ᡮ騪. ᫨  ᡮન  墠⠥
 ࠬ஢,  ᡮ騪 ਣ蠥   
ࠬ.
     ।  䠩 ࠬ஢  㪠 .
     
     ਬ砭:
      ࠬ஢   ᨬ (;) 
樥 / ( ⪨  ॢ ப). ᫨
⮣  㤥 ᤥ,   ᡮથ  ࠭ 㤥 뢥
᫥ ப 䠩  ਣ襭  .
                                     
      㪠 ⮢ ᪠ ⥪ 
ᯮ짮  MS-DOS set  ଠ⮬:
     
     set LIB=[;]...
     
     ᫨   ப 맮 ᡮ騪  㪠 ⮫쪮
 ⥪,  㪠 ᮮ⢥ ᪮ 
⠫,  ᡮ騪 ᬠਢ ⠫  ᫥饬
浪:
     
     1. 騩  (᪮  ⠫).
     2. ᫨ 㪠 ⥪ ⠬ ,  ᬠਢ
        , ᮤঠ騥   ப 맮
        ᡮ騪 ( ⮬  浪).
     3. ᫨  ⠬  ,  ᬠਢ ,
        㪠  ⢥ ࠬ஢ ६ । LIB.
     4. ᫨ ⥪    ,  뢮
        ᮮ饭  訡.
        
     -  ᮤন ଠ  
ᯮ ᮡ࠭ ᥣ⮢  㯯  ,  ⠪
ᮮ饭  祭 訡. ᫨   ப
맮 ᡮ騪 㪠  /map,   䠩 㤥 祭
⨭   "public"  ᮮ⢥騬 ᠬ.
     ଠ  ᥣ  ,   ਬ:
 
     start    stop     length   name    class
     砫                
     
     00000   0172   0172DH   text    code
     01730H   01E19H   006EAH   data    data
 
     ଠ  㯯  ਬ୮ ⠪ :
     
     origin                  group
     砫                  㯯
     
     0000:0                  IGGROUP
     0173:0                  DGGROUP
     
       䠩  ⮢  ணࠬ (窠
室  ணࠬ). ᫨   ப 맮 ᡮ騪
㪠  /map,   䠩 㤥 祭 ⨭  
"public"  ᮮ⢥騬 ᠬ, 祬  㤥 ᤥ
 -  ࠧ  䠢⭮ 浪  ன - 
祭 , ਬ:
     
     address                 publics by name
                         "public"  䠢
     
     0000:1567               BRK
     0000:1696               CHMOD
     0000:01DB               CHKSTK
     0000:131C               CLEARERR
     0173:0035               FAC
     
     address                 publics by value
                         "public"  ᠬ
     
     0000:01DB               CHKSTK
     0000:131C               CLEARERR
     0000:1567               BRK
     0000:1696               CHMOD
     0173:0035               FAC
     
        ਭ樯 - ᥣ:ᬥ饭,
⭮⥫쭮 砫 㧮筮  ( 0000:0000 ).
     
      ६  ᡮન   墠⪠
㯭 ⨢ .  ⮬ 砥 ᡮ騪 ᮧ 
⥪饬 ⠫ ६ 䠩   vm.tmp  뢮 
࠭ ᮮ饭:
     
     VM.TMP has been created
     Do not change diskette in drive x:
     ( ६ 䠩 VM.TMP
     ᪥  ᪮ :   ᡮન  뭨)
     
     ᫨ ᮧ ६ 䠩,   /pause   
ᯮ짮. ᫥ 襭 ᡮન ᮧ ६ 䠩
㤠 ⮬᪨.
     
     ਬ砭:
     ᫥⢨ ᪠, ⥫쭮 뢠 ᢮
䠩  vm.tmp, ..  ᡮથ ᫥ 㤥 .
     
    
                    樨 ᡮ騪
                    --------------
     樨 ᡮ騪 ࠢ  ࠡ⮩.   㪠뢠
     ப.  樨 稭 
ᨬ (/). ᨬ쭮  ॢ  
ᠭ  樨.   㪠뢠  襥
⢮ ᨬ  樨.   ᫠
 権 ⥫쭮 ।⥫쭮  
ࠢ筨 ணࠬ MS-DOS ( ࠧ, 饭
ଠ  .exe 䠩).
     
     
     
     __________________________________________________________
     HELP (ᬮ ᯨ᪠  権)
     
     ⠪:
     
     /help
     
      ࠭ 뢮 ᯨ᮪  権.
     쭠 ॢ: /he
     
     ਬ:
     
     link /he
     
     
     
     
     
     __________________________________________________________
     PAUSE (㧠 ।  ᮧ .exe 䠩  )
                                           
     ⠪:
     
     /pause
     
     쭠 ॢ: /
     
          ⠢ ᮮ⢥騩
  ࠭ ᮧ ணࠬ 䠩.  ࠭
 ⮬ 뢮 ᮮ饭:
     
     About to generate .exe file
     Change diskette in drive x: and press <ENTER>
     
     ⮢ ᣥ஢ .EXE 䠩
      ᪥  ᪮ :   <>
      
     ᫥ 襭 뢮 ᮧ 䠩  㪠
᪮,  ࠭   ᮮ饭:
     
     Please replace original diskette
     in drive letter and press <ENTER>
     
     ⠢ ⭮  ᪥   <>
     
     ਬ砭:
      뭨 ᪥, ᫨    ᮧ 䠩
vm.tmp,  ᫨  㪠뢠  /.  ⠪ 
 ਤ 뢠 ᡮ ⨥ CONTROL+C 
८࣠뢠   䠩 ⠪ ࠧ, ⮡
६  ᮧ 䠩   ᠭ   .
     
                         
     
     
     
     __________________________________________________________
     EXEPACK (㯠 ᮧ 䠩)
     
     ⠪:
     
     /exepack
     
     쭠 ॢ: /
     
     ᫨  㪠  ,   ᫥⥫쭮
  (筮 㫨)  㯠. 
ࠧ 䠩 ⠭ ⭥  ॡ  ६
 㧪. ணࠬ   SYMDEB (⫠稪) 
㭪樮  㯠묨 䠩.
        ࠧ 䠩   ,
.. 뢠  뢠  ᭮  ணࠬ,
ᮤঠ  ᫥⥫쭮  . 
类 砥, ॠ 룮  ⠭ ⮤
ᯥ६.
     
     
     
     
     
     __________________________________________________________
     MAP (  䠩 .map ⨭   "public")
     
     ⠪:
     
     /map
     
     쭠 ॢ: /m
     
        㪠뢠  ᭮  ࠡ 
     ⫠稪 symdeb.
     
     ਬ砭:
     ᫨   㪠   ப  䠩 
,    ⮩ 樨   ⠢ ᡮ騪
ᮧ   , ᮢ騬  , 㪠 
 ப  ⢥ ࢮ  ꥪ⭮ 䠩, 
७ .MAP. ଠ 뢮 ⨭ ᠭ ࠭  ⮩
.
     
     
     
     
     
     __________________________________________________________
     LINENUMBERS (஢  ப  䠩 .MAP)
     
     ⠪:
     
     /linenumbers
     
     쭠 ॢ: /li
     
     ᫨  㪠  ,  ᡮ騪 ᪮ 砫
   ப ணࠬ  䠩  .
砫  ப -   ࢮ   ࢮ
, 室饩  室  ப.   
 ⥬ ᪮஢   ணࠬ mapsym  䠩
, ᯮ㥬 ⫠稪 symdeb.
     ଠ  ப 室 ⥪   䠩
.map ⮫쪮  ⮬ 砥, ᫨  㪠   ப
맮 ᡮ騪  ⮣ 䠩,  ⮫쪮 ᫨ ꥪ 䠩
ᮤন ⠪ ଠ ( Microsoft FORTRAN 
PASCAL ᨩ 3.0  ,  Microsoft C ᨨ 2.0  ).
 ⨢ 砥   .
     MASM   ଠ  ப 室 ⥪ 
ꥪ 䠩.

     ਬ砭:
     ᫨   㪠   ப  䠩 
,    ⮩ 樨   ⠢ ᡮ騪
ᮧ   , ᮢ騬  , 㪠 
 ப  ⢥ ࢮ  ꥪ⭮ 䠩, 
७ .MAP.
     
     
     
     
     
     __________________________________________________________
     NOIGNORECASE  ( ஢ ॣ 㪢)
     
     ⠪:
     
     /noignorecase
     
     쭠 ॢ: /noi
     
       ⮩ 樨   㪠 ᡮ騪 
ࠧ    묨  ய묨 㪢.
筮 ᡮ騪 ⮣  .
      室   ਬ   몠
ணࠬ஢ ᮪ ஢   ⮬  
祭  ᡮ騪.
     
     
     
     
     
     __________________________________________________________
     NODEFAULTLIBRARYSEARCH ( ⮫쪮  㪠
                              ⥪)
     
     ⠪:
     
     /nodefaultlibrarysearch
     
     쭠 ॢ: /nod
                                
     ⮩ 樥  㪠뢠 ᡮ騪 ஢  
⥪,   室  ꥪ⭮ 䠩. 
ࠧ,   ᯮ㥬 ⥪   
 (ਬ   ப),   뫪
襣 ꥪ⭮ 䠩      뫮 ⥪.
     
                                                              
     
     
     
     __________________________________________________________
     STACK (⠭ ࠧ ⥪)
     
     ⠪:
     
     /stack:ࠧ
     
     쭠 ॢ: /st
     
      ⥪ 㪠뢠    ᯮ ᡮ騪
 祭, ᫥ , 室  ࠧ஢ ⥪
ᥣ⮢ ꥪ 䠩.    㪠 
筮, 쬨筮  ⭠筮 ଥ  1 
65535. 쬨筮 祭 㪠뢠  騬 㫥, 
⭠筮 祭  騬 㫥  ய᭮
㪢 , ਬ:
     
     01
     
      ⥪ ᫥ ᡮન    
     ⨫ exemod.
     
     
     
     
     
     __________________________________________________________
     CPARMAXALLOC (⠭ ᨬ ꥬ ॡ㥬
                     ࠣ)
     
     ⠪:
     
     /cparmaxalloc:⢮
     
     쭠 ॢ: /
     
       ⮩ 樨  । ᨬ쭮
⢮ ࠭  (16 ), 室 ணࠬ 
 㧪.  祭  ᫥⢨ ᯮ
樮 ⥬  㧪 ணࠬ.
     筮 ᡮ騪 ⠢  祭 ࠢ 65535, 
砥  㥬 .  㧪, ⠪ ணࠬ
㤥 뤥 訩 ᢮ ⮪ .  
뢠 樨   㪠 ⥫쭮 
稭  ⥬ ᠬ ⠢   㣨 ਪ
ணࠬ.
        㪠  筮, 쬨筮 
⭠筮 ଥ  1  65535. 쬨筮 祭
㪠뢠  騬 㫥,  ⭠筮 祭 
騬 㫥  ய᭮ 㪢 , ਬ: 01.
     ᫨  㪠 稭,  쭮 室
 㧪 ணࠬ,  ᡮ騪 ந 㪠
 稭  ⠢  㬮砭 65535.
     
     
     
     
     
     
     __________________________________________________________
     HIGH (㦠  訬 ᠬ)
     
     ⠪:
     
     /high
     
     쭠 ॢ: /h
     
     ᫨  㪠  ,   㧪  ணࠬ
㤥 ࠧ  ᠬ 訥  ᢮ ⪠
. ᫨   㪠 ⮩ 樨,   ணࠬ 㤥
㦠  ᠬ 訬 ᠬ ᢮ ⪠.
     
     
     
     
     
     
     __________________________________________________________
     DSALLOCATE ( 㯯   訥 
                 ᥣ )
     
     ⠪:
     
     /dsallocate
     
     쭠 ॢ: /d
     
       ⮩ 樨   㪠 ᡮ騪 
 冷 祭 ᮢ ⠬ 㯯 DGROUP.
筮 ᡮ騪 砥 ᬥ饭 0000 襬  㯯.
 , ᫥ 㪠  dsallocate, ᬥ饭 FFFFH
㤥 祭 襬  㯯.  १ 㯯
 (DGROUP) 㤥 ࠧ饭  ᠬ  
ᥣ .
     筮   ᯮ   樥 /high 
ᨬ쭮 ᯮ짮 ᢮ .  饭 
 㯯   㧨  ᥣ ॣ
ᥣ  砫 㯯.
     
     
     
     __________________________________________________________
     NOGROUPASSOCIATION  (஢ 樠樨  㯯)
     
     ⠪:
     
     /nogroupassociation
     
     쭠 ॢ: /nog
     
      ⮩ 樨 ᡮ騪 㤥 ஢ 樠樨 
     㯯  祭 ᮢ ᥣ⠬   .
     
     ਬ砭:
       祭  ᡮ騪 ⮫쪮  ᯥ祭
ᮢ⨬  묨 ﬨ ࠭  ᪠ (ᨨ
 3.13  ࠭,  ᨨ IBM  2.0).   
 ᯮ짮  ,  ᪫祭 砥, 
 த⮢ 㪠묨  ᮮࠦﬨ.
     
     
     
     
     
     __________________________________________________________
     OVERLAYINTERRUPT (⠭  뢠 楤
                       㧪 )
     
     ⠪:
     
     /overlayinterrupt:稭
     
     쭠 ॢ: /
     
      ⮬   뢠 楤 㧪
ணࠬ  (03FH)   㪠 稭
(   255). 稭   㪠  筮,
쬨筮  ⭠筮 ଥ. 쬨筮
祭 㪠뢠  騬 㫥,  ⭠筮
祭  騬 㫥  ய᭮ 㪢 , ਬ:
01.
     MASM  ᯥ稢 ᮧ ᮫ 㫥.
     
     ਬ砭:
     롨ࠥ   뢠   ᮢ 
ࠬ ⠭ 뢠 MS-DOS.

     
     
     __________________________________________________________
     SEGMENTS (⠭ ᨬ쭮 ⢮ ᥣ⮢)
     
     ⠪:
     
     segments:⢮
                        
     쭠 ॢ: /se
     
       ⮩ 樨   ⠭ ᨬ쭮
⢮ ᥣ⮢, ஥ ᡮ騪 ࠧ蠥 ᮡ 
 ணࠬ (1 - 1024). ᫨  ᥣ⮢  ᡮથ
 ,  ᡮઠ 㤥 ⠭,   ࠭ 㤥
뢥 ᮮ饭  訡.  㬮砭 ᡮ騪 ࠧ襭
ᮡ  128 ᥣ⮢, ᮮ⢥⢥ 뤥 
   ᥣ⮢. 騪   
㬥 ࠧ襭 ⢮ ᥣ⮢:
     
     Segment limit too high
     
     ⢮   㪠  筮, 쬨筮
 ⭠筮 ଥ. 쬨筮 祭 㪠뢠
 騬 㫥,  ⭠筮 祭  騬
㫥  ய᭮ 㪢 , ਬ: 01.
                                  
     
     
     
     
     __________________________________________________________
     DOSSEG (ᯮ ᥣ  ணࠬ  ᮮ⢥⢨ 
             ᮣ襭ﬨ MS-DOS)
     
     ⠪:
     
     /dosseg
     
     쭠 ॢ: /do
     
     襭 MS-DOS  ࠢ ᥣ 
     ᫥饥 :
     
     -  ᥣ    CODE   砫
       䠩.
     -  㣨 ᥣ,  室騥  㯯 DGROUP,
       ᫥ ।⢥  ᥣ⠬ .
     -  ᥣ, 室騥  㯯 DGROUP, 
         䠩.
      
      冷 ᯮ ᥣ⮢ ஡ ᠭ
      ࠢ筨   ᥬ  .
     
     
     
